ACT-Rules Community

Video element auditory content has captions

  • Rule Type:atomic
  • Rule Id: f51b46
  • Last modified: Mar 21, 2022
  • Accessibility Requirements Mapping:
    • G87: Providing closed captions
      • Learn More about technique G87
      • Not required to conformance to any W3C accessibility recommendation.
      • Outcome mapping:
        • Any failed outcomes: technique is not satisfied.
        • All passed outcomes: technique needs further testing.
        • An inapplicable outcome: technique needs further testing.
    • G93: Providing open (always visible) captions
      • Learn More about technique G93
      • Not required to conformance to any W3C accessibility recommendation.
      • Outcome mapping:
        • Any failed outcomes: technique is not satisfied.
        • All passed outcomes: technique needs further testing.
        • An inapplicable outcome: technique needs further testing.
    • H95: Using the track element to provide captions
      • Learn More about technique H95
      • Not required to conformance to any W3C accessibility recommendation.
      • Outcome mapping:
        • Any failed outcomes: technique is not satisfied.
        • All passed outcomes: technique needs further testing.
        • An inapplicable outcome: technique needs further testing.
  • Used in rules:
  • Input Aspects:

Description

This rule checks that captions are available for audio information in non-streaming video elements.

Applicability

This rule applies to every non-streaming video element that is visible where the video contains audio.

Expectation

For each test target, audio information that is not conveyed visually in the video, is available through captions.

Note: Captions can be either embedded in the video file itself or can be made available trough a separate track.

Assumptions

This rule assumes that the video element is used to play a video (for example, not only used to display an image), and that there is a mechanism to start the video.

Accessibility Support

There are no major accessibility support issues known for this rule.

Background

Bibliography

Test Cases

Passed

Passed Example 1

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A video element that has captions for all the audio baked into it.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video-with-captions.mp4" controls></video>

Passed Example 2

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A video element with an associated track element that contain captions for all the audio.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls>
	<track src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-caption.vtt" kind="captions" />
</video>

Failed

Failed Example 1

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A video element without any form of captions.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls></video>

Failed Example 2

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A video element with an associated track element that contain incorrect captions.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls>
	<track src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-incorrect-caption.vtt" kind="captions" />
</video>

Failed Example 3

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A video element with a text on the same page that described the audio in the video.

<p>
	The video below shows a man working on a keyboard. A voiceover is heard saying the following text: Web accessibility
	perspectives. Keyboard compatibility. Not being able to use your computer because your mouse doesn't work, is
	frustrating. Many people use only the keyboard to navigate websites. Either through preference or circumstance.
</p>
<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls></video>

Failed Example 4

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A video element with an explicitly associated text on the same page that described the audio in the video.

<p id="text">
	The video below shows a man working on a keyboard. A voiceover is heard saying the following text: Web accessibility
	perspectives. Keyboard compatibility. Not being able to use your computer because your mouse doesn't work, is
	frustrating. Many people use only the keyboard to navigate websites. Either through preference or circumstance.
</p>
<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls ariadescribedby="text"></video>

Inapplicable

Inapplicable Example 1

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A video element without audio.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video-silent.mp4" controls></video>

Inapplicable Example 2

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A video element that is not visible.

<video src="/test-assets/perspective-video/perspective-video.mp4" controls style="display: none;"></video>

Glossary

Outcome

An outcome is a conclusion that comes from evaluating an ACT Rule on a test subject or one of its constituent test target. An outcome can be one of the three following types:

  • Inapplicable: No part of the test subject matches the applicability
  • Passed: A test target meets all expectations
  • Failed: A test target does not meet all expectations

Note: A rule has one passed or failed outcome for every test target. When there are no test targets the rule has one inapplicable outcome. This means that each test subject will have one or more outcomes.

Note: Implementations using the EARL10-Schema can express the outcome with the outcome property. In addition to passed, failed and inapplicable, EARL 1.0 also defined an incomplete outcome. While this cannot be the outcome of an ACT Rule when applied in its entirety, it often happens that rules are only partially evaluated. For example, when applicability was automated, but the expectations have to be evaluated manually. Such "interim" results can be expressed with the incomplete outcome.

Visible

Content perceivable through sight.

Content is considered visible if making it fully transparent would result in a difference in the pixels rendered for any part of the document that is currently within the viewport or can be brought into the viewport via scrolling.

Content is defined in WCAG.

For more details, see examples of visible.

Useful Links

Implementations

This section is not part of the official rule. It is populated dynamically and not accounted for in the change history or the last modified date. This section will not be included in the rule when it is published on the W3C website.

ToolConsistencyCompleteReport
QualWebconsistentYesView Report

Acknowledgments

Authors

Funding

  • WAI-Tools

Assets

  • Web Accessibility Perspective videos by W3C WAI.
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